Antimony Smelting Furances
Melting of crude antimony in the low-tonnage production
1Siberian State Industrial University, 42 Kirova street, Novokuznetsk, 654007, Russia 2St. Petersburg Mining University, V.O., 21 Line, 2, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia. …
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The metallurgy of antimony
1. Background. Antimony is a silvery, white, brittle, crystalline solid that exhibits poor conductivity of electricity and heat. It has an atomic number of 51, an atomic weight of 122 and a density of 6.697 kg/m 3 at 26 °C. Antimony metal, also known as 'regulus', melts at 630 °C and boils at 1380 °C.Antimony and the natural sulfide of antimony were known as early as …
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Conventional Configuration Scheme Of Refractory For Antimony Smelting …
Although the output of antimony in China has been ranking first for nearly a decade, the proportion of refractory materials used in antimony smelting furnaces is low because antimony smelting belongs to small non-ferrous metals. At present, they are traditional blast furnaces and reverberatory furnaces.
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Development of Antimony Smelting Technology in China
Reportedly, volatilization smelting in BFs and reduction smelting of the produced ATO in reverberatory furnaces have been the pyrometallurgical route for the production of >90% of total antimony ...
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9th Antimony Forum--Asian Metal
According to him, in China, antimony smelting or production concentrates in Hsikwangshan, where the most smelters adopt the blast furnace-reverberatory furnace volatilization smelting process; in the blast furnace, antimony is oxidized into Sb2O3 and enters the flue gas; after cooling and dust collection, Sb2O3 is sent to the reverberatory ...
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Enrichment of Gold in Antimony Matte by Direct Smelting …
The gold content in antimony matte and smelting slag was 96.68 and 1.13 g/t, respectively. The gold, antimony, and arsenic recovery was 97.72%, 26.89%, and 6.56%, respectively, with most of the ...
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Antimony, a pollutant of emerging concern: A review on …
Smelting in a blast furnace is applied for intermediate grade ores and all other materials containing antimony (25–40% antimony). Rich ores (with 45–60% antimony) are …
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Copper smelting mechanism in oxygen bottom-blown furnace
At present, this process has been widely used in lead [4], copper [5] and antimony [6] smelting. In China, the first commercial oxygen bottom-blown copper smelting furnace was installed and operated at Dongying Fangyuan Nonferrous Metals, Co., Ltd., in 2008 with a capacity of 5×104 t/a cathode copper initially and being expended to 1à ...
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(PDF) Combustion in flash smelting furnaces
The reaction mechanism and sequences of chalcopyrite and other sulfide combustion in the smelting process have been studied by many researchers (e.g., Jorgensen 1983, Jokilaakso et al., 1991 ...
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The Recovery of Pb and Zn in Antimony Smelting Slag
When the antimony smelting slag contains Pb ~1.2%, Zn ~6.9%, and Sb ~1.4%, the metal recovery of Pb, Zn, and Sb after fuming and volatile process will be 95%, 88%, and …
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(PDF) Antimony Production and Commodites
Therefore, antimony xide (Sb 2 O 3 ) is now the most important product among antimony compounds. In nature, antimony usually exists in the form of sulfide ore or sulfosalt with copper, lead ...
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Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary Lead Material: …
The most common contaminants are antimony, cadmium, arsenic, silver, copper and gold . Single Stage Processing. The historical worldwide standard for lead smelting is the conventional sinter-blast furnace using coke . Blast furnaces produce high antimony bullions, which are easily refined to Pb–Sb alloys.
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Antimony recovery from antimony-rich slag by top blowing …
We study the evaporation of antimony xide from an antimony-rich slag by bubbling nitrogen gas through a submerged top lance at 1000–1300 °C. Experiments are carried out with 300 g slag at gas flow rates of 20–60 l/h with the lance height of 1.5 and 10 mm. Slag samples are taken and analyzed to identify changes in the antimony xide content during …
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Smelting Furnace
During smelting and converting, Se, Te, As, Sb and Bi report to matte/metal, slag, and gas phases. The distribution of the elements among these phases depend on furnace type and its operation (Fountain, 2013; Wang et al., 2017). Tables 4–7 summarize the elemental distribution for common smelting and converting furnaces. As these values were ...
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Gold Smelting & Refining Process
It is important to mention that a silver-gold concentrate obtained by flotation has a high silver content. For example a concentrate assaying 1400 oz/t Ag and 8 oz/t Au can be smelted directly. The smelting process involves several operations, retorting, smelting and refining. Gold Alloys. The most known gold alloys are made with silver. The ...
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Process for the treatment of slag from tin-smelting furnaces.
It may be s'melted direct or with the addition of fluxes etc, as may be necessary, with the sulfid ores or oxidized'ores of lead, antimony or other suitable reducible metal or with the substances obtained as drosscs, slags, etc, in the smelting, refining, melting etc. of ores, alloys or substances containing tin, lead, antimony or other ...
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Co-Smelting Process of Pb Concentrate and Zn Leaching …
The application of oxygen-rich side blowing furnaces in the direct lead-smelting process has excellent potential and ideal capability for co-processing various feedstocks, such as zinc leaching residues, jamesonite precipitates, lead paste and lead–silver dregs, etc. In this study, the industrial application for this process has been investigated and the material …
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(PDF) Reaction Sequences in Flash Smelting and
Fig. 1—A simplified flow sheet and the main units of a 'double-flash' copper smelter with a flash smelting furnace for concentrate smelting and a flash converting furnace for continuous ...
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Antimony Metallurgy
The mixture is added into the vortex furnace for volatilization smelting. The volatilization rate of antimony can be over 97%. Crude Antimony Refinement. Crude antimony …
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Two alloying technology from the Muyushan site (Anhui
The Muyushan site in Tongling City is the largest site of metallurgical production during the Bronze Age in the lower reaches of Yangtze River in Southern Anhui, China. Twenty-two samples of slag collected are analyzed with SEM–EDS. The examinations indicate that the Cu-Sn and Cu-As alloys were obtained at the site. We further discuss the two-step smelting …
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Reduction of antimony mobility from Sb-rich smelting slag …
Excessive mining and smelting lead to a significant release of Sb to the water and soil environment (Casiot et al., 2007, Majzlan et al., 2016, Wen et al., 2016, Yang and He, 2015). Disorderly stacking of antimony smelting residues is one of the main sources of antimony pollution (Liu et al., 2010). Therefore, revealing and controlling the Sb ...
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Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of …
Abstract Antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) co-con-tamination occurs in Sb smelting areas and is harmful to the surrounding ecological environment. The pur-pose of this study is to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of Sb and As in abandoned Sb smelt-ing area and carry out risk assessments. Soil samples
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Furnaces commonly used in the smelting industry …
Blast furnaces are widely used in the rough smelting process of copper, lead, lead-zinc, antimony and other metals. The blast furnace is composed of furnace roof, furnace body, main bed (also called throat), hearth, …
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Antimony Smelting
Theoretically the xide should contain 83.3 per cent. Sb, but as it is always contaminated with sulfur and other impurities, it contains generally 80.5 per cent. Sb. Hence …
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A Review on Pyrometallurgical Extraction of …
Antimony is classified as a critical/strategic metal. Its primary production is predominated by China via pyrometallurgical routes such as volatilization roasting—reduction smelting or direct reduction smelting. The …
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Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial …
These observations have led the European Commission to highlight antimony as a critical raw material in 2014, with an expected supply–demand gap exceeding 10 % over the period 2015–2020, which is the highest amongst all critical metals [].The processing of antimony ores and the production of antimony metal is also concentrated in China, due to its high …
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12.11 Secondary Lead Processing
12.11.2.2 Smelting - Smelting produces lead by melting and separating the lead from metal and nonmetallic contaminants and by reducing oxides to elemental lead. Smelting is carried out in blast, reverberatory, and rotary kiln furnaces. Blast furnaces produce hard or antimonial lead containing about 10 percent antimony.
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Extracting antimony from high arsenic and gold-containing …
Approach to new technology of oxygen-enriched top blowing bath smelting of antimony sulfide concentrate. Nonferrous Metals Eng. Res., 31 (06) (2010), pp. 12-16. View in …
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Overview Lead Smelting in a Submerged Arc Furnace
antimony, arsenic and precious metals are also found in the ore. More than 90% of all lead ore is processed in the conven tional shaft furnace and in the imperial smelting process (ISP) furnace, although the ISP is more commonly used for zinc production. The rest is mainly processed in direct smelting units. Pyrometallurgi
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Direct production of antimony by reduction and sulfur-fixing …
Blast furnace volatilizing (smelting) and reverberatory furnace process is the main reduction method in the current antimony smelting process, and it is associated with problems …
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